Relationship Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Relationship Marketing - Assignment Example In order to get a deeper insight into the matter, various concepts of traditional marketing and relationship marketing have been compared and evaluated. The slow decline of traditional marketing is a signal that marketers need to revive their strategies and shift their focus from suppliers to customers. The research will also throw light on the critical matter of relationship establishment and its influence as well as importance in overall success of relationship marketing. The topic will also discuss the emergence of relationship marketing as well as its fundamental values. This will be followed by a discussion on a strategic alliance between traditional marketing as well as relationship marketing. Finally, various application of relationship marketing will be discussed. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 3 Introduction 4 The Case Study 4 Conclusion 11 Reference List 13 Introduction Economic conditions as well as market environment have changed dramatically, sometimes through qua ntum leaps and discontinuities. The changes are continuous and in some situations, are quiet progressive. A simple corollary to this announcement is that the marketing scholars and marketing practitioners will also have to change. This declaration is so evident that there is no denying as it comes naturally (Moller and Halinen, 2000). Traditional concepts of marketing are becoming desolate and marketers are in dire need of new strategies and technologies. The rapid evolution of consumers’ tendencies is accompanied with increasing complexities in understanding them as well as devising the right strategies to attract them. Services and products are offering similar services and consumers are now exposed to a host of available options. The reduced loyalty towards brands has created a new sensation among marketers and they have started shifting the focus of their marketing strategies towards relationship building with the consumers. Establishing relationship with the customers no t only helps in maintaining consumer base but also reduces the cost of attracting new customers every now and then. According to Gronroos (1995, p. 252) relationship marketing can be described as a way â€Å"to identify and establish, maintain and enhance network perspective, relationship with customers and other stakeholders, at profit so that the objectives of the partners’ interest are met, and this is achieved by a mutual exchange and fulfilment of promises.† The purpose of the current research is to identify the paradigm shift from traditional marketing to relationship marketing and the reasons behind this shift. The paper will also evaluate the critical differences between the philosophies and concepts of traditional marketing and relationship marketing and how the application of these theories could contribute to the success in the present business environment. The Case Study Concepts and emergence The last half of the decade had faced barriers in case of intern ational trade and a host of firms have adapted global strategies for achieving competitive advantage. However, these benefits related to globalization are found to differ from organization to organization. To successfully create a global strategy and sustainable competitive advantage, it is very important to understand the nature and functioning of the industries in a global environment as well as the dynamics of relationship mark

Case study (quize) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study (quize) - Essay Example Hong Kong is concerned, people are not just hurry to possess a product, but rather they seek the epistemic benefits from new Apple’s variant iPhone. Epistemic benefit refers to a benefit customers seek to acquire from a product’s capacity to satisfy his their curiosity, novelty and to meet a desire for newer knowledge. People rushing in Hong Kong to get Apple’s iPhone show severe propensity to adopt new product which is designed and implemented sophisticated technology (Piller and Tseng, 2010, p. 167). Suppose, if any one out of these people came to meet their need for enjoyment with Apple’s iPhone 4S, it can rather be viewed as Hedonic benefit. As compared to the competition, the benefit doesn’t seem to be unique. When new technology or highly differentiated product comes to market, it is quite common that customers show curiosity to obtain one. A unique value or unique benefit is a set of benefits or values that the company promises to deliver to the consumers to satisfy their needs (Armstrong and Kotler, 2005, p. 12). For Apple’s newly launched iPhone 4S, the unique value propositions and unique benefits may include its sophisticated technology, advanced user-friendly interface etc. What motivated customers to rush in to an Apple’s IFC store in Hong Kong was the curiosity to possess the new variant of Apple phone and therefore this benefit is not a unique one. Apart from Apple brand fanatic customers who lined up in the rushing queue, there were others who thought to make profits by reselling iPhones to more demanded customers in other areas anticipating higher demands for the same from customers. Unique values and core competencies that the company offered to customers are more seemingly to attract wider numbers of customers and that was the reason why people were eager to obtain more pieces of iPhones such as 300. Core competencies are part of value chain that make a unique and value-added contribution to the business. As Kerin, Hartley and

Blood Brothers Theatre Review Essay Example for Free

Blood Brothers Theatre Review Essay We visited the Phoenix Theatre on the fourth of October and when we the play started I was drawn to the actual setting of the stage; firstly contrast in the set and how it represented the two side’s class divide. Mrs Johnstone’s huge family all cramped up in the small, crumbling, graffiti covered terraced council housing with the rest of the workers and Mrs Lyon’s large elegant suburban detached house with is wrought iron street lamp and large windows and also with the interior of the houses only the kitchen of Mrs Johnstone’s house is shown overflowing with cooking utensils and laundry and other domestic trivialities but not a chair in sight which means Mrs Johnstone is always either shown standing up or sitting on the step whereas Mrs Lyons living room is shown with its tasteful decorating, art deco lamps, corner pillars and a large sofa in the middle where she is often shown sitting on offering another contrast between her and Mrs Johnstone. Another feature of the setting I particularly enjoyed was the raked stage which allowed better levels for the actors the stage is heavily raked, meaning that a lot of the action is easy to see from all over the house. The set is simple and remains stationary, creating a focused performance space and emphasised certain scenes like when Mrs Lyons suggested Mrs Johnstone give her one of the twins she upstaged Mrs Johnstone who had to turn to respond and also allows for multiple scenes such as when Mrs Lyons revealed Eddie and Linda’s ‘affair’ she turned Micky to face upstage where Eddie and Linda are walking together, which emphasises the cross cutting of that scene and another feature of the raked stage is that it simply allowed a better view of the Performance for the audience. The Play began with a frozen image of the dead twins seen through a red gauze curtain and the narrator gives the lines he is to repeat at the end This use of Dramatic Irony means you sympathise more with the characters knowing the fate that awaits them and it is also a very dramatic way to begin the show immediately drawing you in making ask questions which of course are answered throughout the duration of the play. The dramatic irony also makes you play closer attention to the play as you are compelled to see how the situation could have been avoided and it is shown through foreshadowing that all that would happen was set in stone from when a seven year old micky pretended to shoot a seven year old Eddie to when a seventeen year old Sammy pulled a knife out on the bus. These glimpses into their future might have been missed if you weren’t completely Hooked on the play and so the use of framing and dramatic irony means you were absorbed in the play completely. The costume in the play is a strong representation of the social status of the characters and so everything about Eddie and Mickey’s clothes represents key parts of their life and how they have added to their character as their costumes are a large representative of the whole nature versus nurture theme of the play. Eddie as a seven year old wears very neatly pressed v neck sweater over an immaculately white shirt and short trousers whereas mickey was wearing a jumper so ragged and dirty its quite hard to determine what colour it is, it’s full of holes and stretches to well over his knees indicating it is most likely a hand me down. The contrast in the childhood upbringing of the two characters is apparent in their clothing, the closest Eddie has ever come to second hand clothes is when he meets mickey on the other hand mickey has probably grown up with his siblings old clothes and toys et cetera. The adolescent Mickey wears fashionable denim and leather. Which shows him at what was the peak of his life, the happiest his is to be in the play. The adolescent Eddie wears a very smart school uniform The adult Mickey again wears a baggy jumper. However this is when he is dominated by medicine. His clothing also illustrates the loss of that huge childhood energy he had at the beginning of the play. It is hard to determine what purpose the narrator serves. On stage he appears dressed in a smart black suit –reminiscent of funeral garb so sort of fore shadowing but the costume his gives him a neutral status, as we cannot identify anything about his character. It gives him a sense of anonymity throughout the show, and the fact that the other characters do not acknowledge him gives him a ghostlike quality except when he takes a picture of. His main role throughout the show is to act as a constant reminder to us of the Brothers’ tragic fate – exemplified in the musical number ‘Shoes upon the Table’, which is repeated Throughout both acts of the show. It is also notable that as the show commences with the scene of The finale, his attire is like that of somebody who is attending a funeral – and it seems that he is dressed for such an occasion throughout the entire play. The characters seem to look through him or just avoid him until Linda asks h im to take their photograph and it seems as soon as she does this their lives begin to go wrong, coincidence or were their lives touched by evil The use of sound is possibly the most powerful dramatic medium used in the play; the songs are extremely well written fit immaculately with the themes of the play and the lyrics and melody are re used throughout the play. Music was used to draw emotion from the audience. It also helped to move along the action and always conveyed a theme, message or feeling. Echo was also used in parts of songs. However it was recorded and therefore gave a very surreal and artificial effect. The music and lighting combined at the beginning of the play to create both a DRAMATIC EFFECT and a SAD ATMOSPHERE which worked very well to draw you in. The use of the orchestra collaborated well with the songs. The gunshot at the end of the play worked well as it shocked the audience despite them knowing the ending. There was a great contrast in lighting between the countryside and the city. In the countryside it was bright and the scenery consisted of typical green rolling hills and a crystal blue sky. However in the city the lighting was much darker and the scenery consisted buildings. When the front door of Mrs Johnstone house opened light flooded on to the stage. The purpose of this was to generate the idea of presence of Mrs Johnstone and her children living inside the house. The stage was lit up with a red light at the beginning of the end. This was used as an indicator of the bloodshed to follow. A red light also appeared when Mrs Lyons came on to the stage. This illustrated her madness and guilt stricken conscious. This was also done by the use of blackouts. A blue light appeared at the end when the narrator came on to the stage and sang. To illustrate the madness of Mrs Lyons in song flashing lights came on. This made the audience feel uneasy and uncomfortable with the character of Mrs Lyons.

Responsibility for Health in New Zealand

Responsibility for Health in New Zealand The government has an important role in promoting health care, thus, the people are so lucky for being a citizen of New Zealand. Health is number one priority so the society has a continuing research to be able to provide the best health care to all the New Zealanders. Responsibility for health The responsibility for good health is a give and take process. It is a collaborative procedure between the New Zealanders and the society they belong. The people should broaden their minds about health care so as to avoid any kind of illness which will endanger their lives. Many of the citizens in New Zealand ask for medical assistance in order to make them well. That is one of the reasons why the government provides education for safe sex, urban planning, drug addiction, among others. The country has a public health institution that will advise those sick people not to be in contact with healthy individual to avoid contamination and spread of diseases. Every individual has its own way of taking care of their own health. One factor for this is their lifestyle. The New Zealanders have different lifestyle and so different illness or diseases contribute to the problem of health care in the country. It is true that everyone takes care of his health but the society has his on share to give medication to the people. Many are not well informed of the consequences of their daily routine or lifestyle, like the effect of smoking both to the smoker and the people around him, of not eating a well-balanced meal even the effect on the body of those who always work on a graveyard shift. The society got a responsibility over the health of every individual. And so proper dissemination of prevention of illness and promote good health should be done by the society particularly the government to help individual take care of themselves. There are many factors affecting the health of an individual like pollution, drug addiction, sanitation, food, water, health awareness and the spread of communicable diseases. The government have a thorough research on the prevention of diseases because the society believes that it would be easier for the individual to know what they should do to prevent diseases in order to lessen the pains and suffering on the part of the patient. All the people in New Zealand will be benefited, not only the sick ones. The urban planning is a nice strategy of the government to promote health care to the citizenry. Here, the people are given the options to have healthy choices for transportation and to avoid means of transportation that would be detrimental to his or her health. In urban planning, people likewise shall have a good recreation centers where they could engage in sport activities or do any of their preferred recreational activities. In addition, a good planning shall likewise provide the population of the work or job they would engage in that would not endanger their health. As what was said earlier, that it is a collaborative process, the people should be responsible of their own respective health and pay for their own health care. The responsibility of the society is to maintain and promote good health to every citizen and to provide financial support for the health maintenance in the country. Everyone knows that personal responsibility contributes much for a better health care. The p eople especially in the rural areas should be well informed on personal hygiene and the importance of cleanliness of the environment. Sanitation and cleanliness are great factors for a sound mind and body. The physical environment is also a contributory for good health. The government agencies prohibits any acts of pollution affecting the health of people. Pollution affects the lungs especially for the most vulnerable ones, the young kids and the old ones. Food is one of the needs of the body that everyone should know the right kind of food in order to have a healthy body. The government with the help of all health care providers shall see to it that healthy foods should be made available all the time so as to prevent the high rate of diseases related to diet and food intake in the country. To achieve this, people should be informed of the good effects of eating healthy foods and to discourage people to eat unhealthy foods. In view of this, all efforts of the government to promote health and improve health care, the people must be responsive and to take responsibility to take care of their own health. Health care is a global priority because all citizens in the society are after their health. Health institutions in New Zealand shall give special attention to health care for the benefit of all its people. Education and training Policy on education and training play a very vital role in the prevention and cure of illness and diseases. The policy on these must be prioritized to ensure achievement of a health society. The society and the family have their own respective roles to achieve the balance for health care insofar as education and training are concerned. The society includes among others, the government. The government should take a lead in educating and disseminating information pertaining to health care. It must set laws and rules which the population shall obey and abide. As the government enforces its laws, it must have programs that are acceptable and applicable to any type of sectors of the society. This would help the people to adapt easily and apply in their respective families and ultimately becomes routinary. All of this endeavour of the government must be supported by the private sectors. Extensive education, training and re-training by the government are futile without the cooperation of people. Everyone must be receptive with the laws and rules set by the government. It is the people that would transcribe the law into policy. Families, which are the basic unit of the society, have the greatest responsibility in the achievement of the goal. Each member has a responsibility to teach the whole family one way or another. Other members of the society that could be influential to these would be the schools, health care providers and the church. Upon the enforcement of the laws and cooperation of everybody, there shall be changed in the behaviour of the individual and eventually of the society and country to achieve such balance. Business regulations combining work and care giving As part of the implementation of the program of the government to achieve balance of responsibility for health care of the society and family, all work places must have regulations that combines work and care giving. Offices must have facilities that would allow employees to perform their duties as parents especially for their needy children. A common example of this is breastfeeding areas for nursing mothers. The office shall have a private place to allow nursing mothers to express milk for their newly born babies. Practices like this would encourage mothers to breastfeed their babies and providing them breastmilk, which are far more beneficial for the newborn babies than any other commercially prepared milk, thus, promoting good health. Strict implementation of such policies likewise needs the cooperation and involvement of everybody to help achieve the balance of responsibility for health care between society and family. Tax benefits and payments to caregivers In order to encourage all caregivers to provide a quality healthcare and to entice people to pursue a career as caregivers, there should be a good and steady tax benefits and payments for caregivers as one of their incentives. The government shall take a lead role for the implemention of this. The private sector shall only apply such rule if there is a strong political will. Once these policy intervention solutions mentioned above are established, we could be assured of the achievement of an equal responsibility for health care between the society and family. Conclusion Taking care of oneself, help of the government and the care of the caregivers is a collaborative way of having a healthy individual in the society. If everyone help each other and not blaming is a very wise thing to do. We cannot control or change the so many factor of contributing to bad health but if we do our part in making our community a healthy one then we should accept and take responsibility that we are liable to our own health and everyones health.

Graduation Speech: I Am Stronger in the Lord :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

As I come to this place in my life I cannot help but think about Lincoln's Farewell Address at Springfield. In many ways it parallels my feelings in graduating from Gilmore Christian School. This is from President Lincoln's address written Feb. 11, 1861: "No one, not in my situation, can appreciate my feelings of sadness at this parting. To this place, and the kindness of these people, I owe everything. Here I have lived a quarter of a century, and have passed from young to an old man. Here my children have been born and one is buried. I now leave, not knowing when or whether ever I may return, with a task before me greater than that which rested upon Washington. Without the assistance of the Divine being whoever attended him, I cannot succeed. With that assistance, I cannot fail. Trusting in Him who can go with me, and remain with you, and be everywhere for good, let us confidently hope that all will be bell. To His care commending you, as I hope in your prayers you will commend me, I bid you an affectionate farewell." Being the only senior at ACS this year has proved to be difficult. It's had ups and downs. But in the end it was all worth it. ACS has given me something no other school would offer: their love and interested in me and my well-being. I am convinced, if they had not had faith in me, I would not be standing here in this place of honor. This past year, more than any before, I have grown closer to and stronger in the Lord. I would like to take this time to thank my family, friends and teachers: Mom, thank you for everything. You have done so much for me in the past 18 years of my life, I don't know where to start. Thank you for loving me through the thick and thin of it all. Mrs. Graber, thank you for not losing hope in me when you probably should have, and most of all thank you for believing in me. It helped so incredibly much. Mrs. Schultz, thank you for your council. Without it I wouldn't have made it past 11th grade. It has been an honor to have you as a teacher for the past three years. Mr. Murray, first of all, thank you for coming to teach here at Gilmore Christian School.

Environmental Problems in Prenatal Development Essay

Abstract For my research topic, I chose environmental problems in prenatal development. I chose this topic because I have a great interest in prenatal development and the care the mother provides that will negatively affect the fetus while it is still developing. Learning about the problems that occur will be an enormous advantage with my future career in nursing. Throughout my research, I hope to discover what the symptoms, of environmental influences, a fetus can contract during development. During prenatal development there are so many problems that you cannot even count them. There are two types of problems in development, genetic and environmental. The environmental problems are caused by the care the mother provides for her unborn child. Whatever the mother puts her body through, she puts her child through. Teratogens are drugs or other substances that are capable of restricting the development of a fetus, causing birth defects. Although the embryo is sensitive during all stages, there are more critical time periods when the fetus is more susceptible to the defects. During these critical periods, there are three major environmental problems that affect the fetus, which can cause birth defects, by the mother’s use of drugs, diseases, and mental and physical health. There are three major teratogens that affect the fetus in development; one is by the mother’s use of drugs. There are many mothers throughout the world use and abuse prescription, legal and il legal drugs. The use of prescription drugs can be just as dangerous as illegal drugs. Some mothers need to take prescribed drugs for their own health problems. Women who have seizures must take anticonvulsants to stop the seizures from occurring. The seizures the pregnant mother has can cause just as much damage than the drugs they are taking (Boyd and Bee, 2009, p. 72). Pregnant women taking Trimethadione for their seizures can cause the fetus to obtain many progressive defects such as eyebrows shaped like a V, cleft lip, cleft palate, and having delays in their development (Slater and Lewis, 2006, p. 9). Another drug pregnant mothers might be prescribed for would be blood thinners, because of possible blood clots, to prevent heart attacks or strokes (DirectGov, 2010). An expecting mother who has been taking Warfarin to slow down blood clots should assume that her child can be born with mental retardation and an unusually small head, known as microcephaly (Slater and Lewis, 2006, p. 9). Certain infants with microcephaly develop normally and have the intellect as an ordinary child. Typically, infants with microcephaly possibly can have facial distortions, mental retardation, deferred motor skills, hyperactivity, dwarfism, seizures, difficulty with balancing and coordination, and other neurological irregularities (DirectGov, 2010). Every mother experiences fatigue and nausea. Decades ago, doctors would prescribe Thalidomide, a sedative, to treat the fatigue and nausea. After these mothers gave birth, doctors have detected that the Thalidomide has many defects on the fetus. Infants were born with only half developed or absent arms or legs (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2010 p. 1). Antibiotics are normally safe to take when consulted with a doctor. Pregnant women take antibiotics for certain types of infections. One often prescribed antibiotic to pregnant women is Tetracycline which can cause damage to the infant such as yellowing or graying of the teeth. It also can be passed through breast milk and if the child infant drinks the milk, there will be a chance they might affect the growth of bones and teeth (Cerner Multum, 2009). Despite the abuse of prescription drugs, there is also the use of legal drugs. There are many women who are pregnant and smoking. The use of nicotine during pregnancy will cause a few deficiencies in the infant’s development. Nicotine users may have the chance to have an ectopic pregnancy, where the baby connects to the fallopian tubes instead of the uterus. This could result in a miscarriage. Mothers who smoke, throughout the entire pregnancy, can give birth to a stillborn or child with low birth weight (Bucher, 2010). The long term effects on children, whose mothers smoked during pregnancy, could develop attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Boyd & Bee, 2009, p. 74). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that causes absent- mindedness and spontaneity (ADAM, 2011). Another illegal drug that is very highly abused in pregnancy is alcohol. Mothers who are heavy drinkers or alcoholics are highly likely to give birth to infants with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Fetal alcohol syndrome is a problem with mental and physical growth that occurs when the mother abuses alcohol during pregnancy. Infants with fetal alcohol syndrome have many symptoms. They include stunted growth before and after birth, reduced muscle usage and dexterity, deferred mental and physical development, possible mental retardation and heart weaknesses including ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect (Adam, 2011). These children will also have very distinctive facials features that stand out. Infants will typically have smaller heads, a flattened nose with a big space between the nose and mouth, narrow eyes and small upper jaw Depending on the period in pregnancy, alcohol might cause a miscarriage and premature birth (Boyd & Bee, 2009, p.74). Along with prescription and legal drugs, illegal drugs are especially dangerous during the course of pregnancy. So many people become addicted to drugs and have a hard time getting clean. Expecting mothers who are hooked on any type of illegal drug can be incredibly damaging to the infant. Marijuana is the most common manipulated illegal drug. Infants born to mothers that are marijuana users have more trouble concentrating, problems sleeping, and a short term memory (Boyd & Bee, 2009, p. 73). Additional drugs that are mistreated are heroin and methadone. Mothers addicted to these two drugs will have babies addicted to them as well and are at possible risk of miscarriage, premature birth and preterm death (Boyd & Bee, 2009, p. 73). The symptoms of the heroin addicted infants are underprivileged growth, premature birth and stillbirth (March of Dimes Foundation, 2011). After birth, these addicted babies go into withdrawal and suffer from bad temper, intense shuddering, vomiting, seizures and sleep complications (Boyd & Bee, 2009, p.73). Babies who are addicted to methadone have almost similar symptoms to those addicted to heroin. The difference is that methadone addicted infants have a higher birth weight compared to infants addicted to heroin. Methadone babies are comforted more easily then heroin babies (March of Dime Foundation, 2011). A drug also abused by expectant mothers is cocaine. Cocaine can be in two formations, both powder form or crack; they equally have the same effects on babies. Many problems of cocaine use during pregnancy are exceedingly threatening. These problems include placenta problems, such as, placental abruption which is when the placenta pulls away from the uterus prior labor starts. When this happens, there could be an exceeding amount of bleeding; the baby may be deprived of oxygen and a proper blood flow. The symptoms after birth can be harsh for the infants, for instance, they experience jumpiness, irritability, and are very easily frightened. These infants cry often because they have trouble finding comfort with their mothers or caregivers. Luckily for these babies, they usually do not experience these symptoms through their entire life, normally just first month of life (March of Dimes, 2011). Besides the issues that are caused by pregnant mothers drug use, there are many complications with the mother’s diseases. There are three different types of infections that could be passed down from mother to child, congenital infections, perinatal infections, and postnatal infections. Congenital infections are passed through the placenta and infect embryo. These infections include toxoplasmosis, syphilis, hepatitis B, Coxsackie virus, Epstein virus, chickenpox virus, human parvovirus, Rubella, Herpes virus, and Cytomegalovirus (Koo, 2009). Rubella is also known as the German measles and expecting mothers can pass this down to her infant in utero. Symptoms the fetus may develop are cataracts, hearing loss, and heart defects. CMV, also known as Cytomegalovirus, is a sexually transmitted disease and is a type of herpes virus. Having this disease while pregnant can be severe to the fetus’ life and cause eye, ear and brain defects in the early stages of prenatal development (Boyd & Bee, 2009, p. 74). Infants who developed CMV after birth are less likely to have harsh symptoms then those developed in utero. Those symptoms are vision and hearing loss and possible cognitive learning disabilities (Koo, 2009). Herpes is another congenital infection that can be extremely harmful in the development of the fetus. Mothers infected with herpes can pass down to her child many unpleasant symptoms. The significant symptoms include eye diseases, callous brain damage and skin lacerations (Koo, 2009). Substantial symptoms of herpes include seizures, neurological complications, microcephaly and microophthalmia. Microophthalmia is an eye abnormality that occurs before birth. This condition makes both eyes smaller than an average child and in some individuals their eyes may be nonexistent connected with blindness (Slater & Lewis, 2006, p. 9). The perinatal infections, also known as the infection that happens in labor and delivery, take place in the birth canal while the baby is in the process of being born. Many of these infections are sexually transmitted diseases such as CMV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, HPV (genital warts), and group B streptococci. Mothers with gonorrhea giving birth to their child will distribute the infection to her child. The main symptom the infant could experience is difficulties with the eyes and possibly goes blind. The mother can encounter complications including miscarriage, early labor and likelihood of obtaining HIV (Baby Center Advisory Board, 2007, p. 1). Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Mothers with this disease are capable of passing the disease to her child through delivery. When delivering the child vaginally, the infant could contract serious eye infections. Infants exposed to chlamydia also have the possibility of acquiring pneumonia. Fortunately, if treated properly children will usually do well and have a suitable recovery. If mothers receive treatment before delivery there would be a greater chance of the infant not obtaining the infection altogether (Baby Center Advisory Board, 2012). Expecting mothers with HPV do not really transfer the infection to their infants but if it is transferred, the baby’s system will normally disperse it from their bodies. However, women with genital warts may transfer this virus to their child and can be extremely life- threatening. These infants infected with genital warts form warts in their throat causing respiratory papillomatosis. The children with respiratory papillomatosis must receive laser treatment to stop the warts from multiplying and obstructing the child’s airway. Doctors say that the women with HPV can deliver their children safely with little or no complications (WebMD, 2012, p. 1-2). Along with congenital and perinatal infections, postnatal infections are also particularly hazardous. Postnatal infections are caused after birth and are usually spread through breastfeeding. These infections include CMV, HIV, and group B streptococci. HIV can also be transmitted congenital and perinatal but HIV can be transferred postnatal via breastfeeding (Stewart, 2012). Babies who obtain this virus normally become sick within the first two years of their life. This illness will decline the infant’s immune system which makes them easily susceptible to getting other virus than the average baby (Boyd & Bee, 2009, p. 74-75). Another illness that infants attain after birth is group B streptococci (GBS). Group B strep is bacteria found in a woman’s vagina. GBS is transferred to infants after birth with symptoms of issues with the respiratory system, and erratic cardio problems. These babies may also have severe digestive tract problems. Along with these issues, the most familiar complications involve sepsis, an increasing amount of bacteria in the bloodstream, pneumonia, and meningitis, a bacterial infection of membranes concealing the brain and spinal cord. Group B streptococci usually will occur earlier than later after the delivery and have fewer problems if it appears later (American Pregnancy Association, 2011). There are many problems affecting the fetus that arise from the mother’s mental and physical health throughout her pregnancy. The age of the mother can make an immense difference in child birth. Mothers over the age of thirty five can have many complications to her health and child’s health. Women who push back pregnancy to later in life have the risks of developing gestational diabetes, infertility, possible miscarriage, early labor and extensive bleeding during labor. High blood pressure and chronic illnesses are also potential threats in older mothers (Baby Center Medical Advisory Board, 2012). These infants have a chance of developing chromosomal defects, cardiac abnormalities and growth retardation (Boyd & Bee, 2009). On the other hand, teenage pregnancy has just as many risks as women over thirty five. Teenage girls who are pregnant sometimes do not receive proper prenatal care, which can lead to issues in the fetus’ development. Pregnant teens can also experience high blood pressure which could result in preterm labor. Preterm labor may cause infants to have cognitive, respiratory and other physical complications. Teens that go into preterm have a chance of low birth weight infants that might not be fully developed. Teenagers are highly likely to obtain STD’s and pass them to their infants during delivery which can be vital in their growth and development. Young mothers are potential victims for postpartum depression, making them feel alone, isolated and feeling like no one is there for them (Nihira, 2010, p.1-2). Along with age, other maternal influences affect the fetus such as emotions and ill mothers who go through radiation for medical purposes. Pregnancy can mess with women’s emotions tremendously. Mothers who are really stressed or have anxiety might have troubles eating properly and may be prone to viruses which can cause the infant to be born with low birth weight. Children born to really distraught mothers will usually develop slower than the average child (Boyd & Bee, 2009, p. 77). Pregnant women with an inconsistent metabolism could have heavier infants and are more likely to have problems early in development (Slater & Lewis, 2006, p. 9). Women with certain medical problems may need to go for radiation although they are pregnant. Radiation while pregnant can affect the fetus by killing the cells in its body, injuring the chromosomes, and retarding the mental and physical growth (Brent, 2011). Despite all of these developmental problems each infant goes through, the illness and defects can be somewhat prevented if treated early in the pregnancy. Each woman should think twice about what they put through their bodies when expecting a baby. Environmental problems are life threatening and women need to consult with their doctors immediately to lessen the risk of their child developing any symptoms. There are critical periods when the fetus is the most vulnerable to these environmental influences. Even though there are critical periods, the mother’s use of drugs, diseases, and mental and physical health are very serious through the entire pregnancy. Bibliography Adam Medical Encyclopedia. 2011. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001909/ Adam Medical Encyclopedia. 2011. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002518/ American Pregnancy Association. 2011. Group B Strep Infection: GBS. Retrieved from: http://www.americanpregnancy.org/pregnancycomplications/groupbstrepinfection.html Baby Center Advisory Board. 2010. Chlamydia during Pregnancy. Retrieved from http://www.babycenter.com/0_chlamydia-during-pregnancy_1427376.bc Baby Center Advisory Board. 2007. Gonorrhea during Pregnancy. Retrieved from: http://www.babycenter.com/0_gonorrhea-during-pregnancy_1427382.bc?page=1 Bee, H & Boyd, D. 2009. Fifth Edition Lifespan Development. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Brent, Robert MD. 2011. Pregnancy and Radiation Exposure. Retrieved from: http://hps.org/hpspublications/articles/pregnancyandradiationexposureinfosheet.html Bucher, Jordan. 2010. The Effects of Drug Use During Pregnancy & Developmental Stages. Retrieved from: http://www.livestrong.com/article/254142-the-effects-of-drug-use-during-pregnancy-developmental-stages/ Cerner Multum. 2009. Tetracycline. Retrieved from: http://www.drugs.com/tetracycline.html Direct Gov. 2010. Anticoagulants, Warfarin. Retrieved from: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Anticoagulants-warfarin-/Pages/Introduction.aspx Government. 2012. Microcephaly. Retrieved from: http://www.medicinenet.com/microcephaly/article.htm Koo, Ingrid, Ph.D. 2009. Infectious Diseases During Pregnancy-Risks to Babies. Retrieved from: http://infectiousdiseases.about.com/od/kidsinfections/a/Congenital.htm March of Dimes Foundation. 2011. Illicit Drug use during Pregnancy. Retrieved from: http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/alcohol_illicitdrug.html Mayo Clinic Staff. 2010. Thalidomide: Research advances in cancer and other conditions. Retrieved from: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/thalidomide/HQ01507 Net Industries. 2012. Prenatal Development- Prenatal Environmental Influences. Retrieved from: Prenatal Development – Prenatal Environmental Influences Nihira, Mikio A. 2010. Teen Pregnancy: Medical Risks and Realities. Retrieved from: http://www.webmd.com/baby/teen-pregnancy-medical-risks-and-realities?page=2 Pierce, Martha. 2010. Pregnancy Risks After 35. Retrieved form: http://www.parents.com/pregnancy/getting-pregnant/age-factor/pregnancy-risks-after-age-35/ Slater, A. and Lewis, M. 2006. Prenatal Development. Retrieved from: http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199283057/slater_chap03.pdf Stewart, Grace John. 2012. Prevention of HIV transmission through breastfeeding in resource-limited settings. Retrieved from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-hiv-transmission-through-breastfeeding-in-resource-limited-settings WebMD. 2012. HPV and Pregnancy. Retrieved from: http://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/hpv-pregnancy

Mid term paper Essay Example

Mid term paper Essay Example Mid term paper Essay Mid term paper Essay PEPS to be bubbled means increase in PEPS required is 100%. DC = 2 means, 1% change in Sales brings 2% change in PEPS. Hence, to bring 100% increase in PEPS, sales need to increase by I. E. By RSI 215,000. C. By how much the Sales should be increased, if BIT is to be tripled ? Measure of leverage that links BIT with Sales is DOLL. DOLL is 1. 869 in this case. BIT change in Sales brings 1. 869 % change in PEPS. Hence, to bring 200% increase in PEPS, sales need to increase by 107% I. E. By RSI 890100. D. What would be the impact of increasing fixed cost proportion in cost structure of the firm on the operating leverage ? Show demonstration. And also show what would be the percentage increased required in sales to double the PEPS. [2+3] Fixed cost proportion in cost structure is linked with operating leverage. Higher the fixed cost proportion in cost structure, higher will be the operating leverage. Show one example of it. 9. Answer the followings: a) What are the factors to be taken into consideration by Finance Manager in order to maximize the wealth of shareholders ? Explain with examples. B) What is agency problem and agency cost ? What can be the ways to prevent agency costs in a profit making company ? Section C The question carries 25 marks. 10. As an investment advisor, you have been approached by a client called Peter for advice on his investment plan. He is 30 years old and has RSI. 300,OHO in his bank. He plans to work for 20 years and retire at the age of 50, so that he can pursue his hobbies and travel widely in his post-retirement period. His present salary is RSI. 600,000 per year. He expects his salary to increase at the rate of 12 percent per year until his retirement. Peter has decided to invest his bank balance and future savings in a balanced mutual fund scheme which he believes will provide a return of 10 percent per year. You concur with his assessment. Peter seeks your help in answering several questions given below. In answering these questions, ignore the tax factor. (I) Once he retires at the age of 50, he would like to withdraw RSI. 1,000,000 per year for his consumption needs for the following 30 years (His life expectancy is 80 years). Each annual withdrawal will be made at the beginning of the year. How much should be the value of his investments be when he turns 50, to meet his retirement need? Withdraw RSI. 1,OHO, 000 per year from the beginning of the 21st year for a period of 30 years? Assume that the savings will occur at the end of each year. Remember that he already has some bank balance. ( Approximate it to the nearest 000) [10] Peter needs 10,369,700 when he reaches the age of 50. His bank balance of RSI 300,000 will grow to: 300,000 (1 . 10)20 = (ill) Suppose Peter wants to donate RSI. 800,OHO per year in the last 10 years of his life to a charitable cause. Each donation would be made at the beginning of the year. Further, he wants to bequeath RSI. 3,000,000 to his son at the end of his life. How much should he have in his investment account when he reaches the age of 50 to meet this need for donation and bequeathing? (Approximate it to the nearest 000. 10] One more question: Peter wants to find out the present value of his lifetime salary income. For the sake of simplicity, assume that his current salary of RSI 600,000 will be paid exactly a year from now, and his salary is paid annually. What is the present value of his lifetime salary income, if the discount rate applicable to the same is 8 percent? Remember that P eter expects his salary to increase at the rate of 12 percent per year until retirement. [This is the case of Growing Annuity Finite Time. The formula and example of such case can be seen in the lecture slide of time value of money]